Collapse Contractual Issues Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Breakdown Contractual Issues - Research Paper Example Furthermore, the staff who worked for Illinois’ Home administrations program would get their installment through government Medicaid subsidizing, which worked as an individual aide for people who required consideration. The court decided that the representatives were no expected to be compelled to join the Union since they were not completely fledged state workers. The moral measurement for the situation is that individuals have the will and opportunity to pick what they need and that there was no infringement of the First Amendment. The issue was settled in court where the court concluded that the laborers couldn't be constrained to join the association on the premise that the individuals were not completely fledged state workers since representatives are terminated and employed by singular patients through Medicaid. Moreover, the choice of the court didn't discredit the obligatory organization enrollment for the greater populace of open workers. As a chairman, I would have persuaded the workers to join the worker's guilds so as to profit by the full advantages. This would have been finished by making mindfulness in the work environment and help the representatives comprehend the significance of being in a worker's guild (Pozgar, 2014). By so doing, the issue would not have gone to court and the issue would be forestalled in

Comparing John Milton’s Paradise Lost to Pleasantville Essay -- Compar

Contrasting John Milton’s Paradise Lost with Pleasantville I don’t know whether I associated the experiential spots with any ability in regards to John Milton’s Paradise Lost until I visited Disney World as of late. It wasn’t until Mickey Mouse, Cinderella, Cruella De Vil, Jafar the malevolent alchemist, the Beauty, and the Beast descended Main Street, U.S.A. that I was progressively ready to value the hugeness of the procreative masque inside Paradise Lost. Scene gets the watcher; and, with an insignificant pinch of the remote control, it pushes him/her into Eden, Main Street, or Pleasantville. Scene doesn’t settle for simple spectatorship; it welcomes the watcher into the activity and synchronizes the viewer’s beat with the heartbeat of its [panorama’s] own imaginative slide appear. To disregard that welcome is to keep away from the tree of information, yet to reject its reality. That tree was not placed in the nursery to be disregarded yet to be evaded †a test of our acquiescence towards a so vereign, a flirt of our interest, a heartbeat quickener. Thus we stayed there in the cool of the shade from our own tree, suspiciously of Main Street however close enough for the remote. We were sufficiently far away to watch the motorcade with haughtiness and sufficiently near feel the uneasiness of the sorcerer’s sneer. First the enormous mouse, at that point the princess, at that point Goofy, at that point the alchemist, at that point the monster †consistently the mammoth. I viewed the 5-year-old close to me and thought about whether he felt like Adam may have felt on that grandiose mount, as Michael uncovered one emotional chronicled change after another. I was happy that I didn’t need to stress, didn’t need to get included. I was glad to realize that this bit of extravagant was nevertheless a kind of the real world, scripted by that ace of guile, Walt Disne... ...ly â€Å"delivers† both of his universes by turning out to be a piece of the display. He presses the remote catch and influences the carefulness of the genuine with the inventiveness of the whimsical. The genuine and the whimsical have a practically solitary or mutually dependent relationship with each other; neither can be overlooked in taking care of the strength of the other. In Bud’s circumstance, the non-attendance of his bodily nature is brightened by the activism of his all encompassing experience. Toward the finish of the film â€Å"Pleasantville,† Bud can investigate the TV screen, the conductor for his scene, and realize that he was removed from the shade and into the light. He gambled joining the pomp and wound up having a decent day. Next time I’ll sit nearer to the procession. Work Cited Milton, John. Heaven Lost. 1674. Ed. Scott Elledge. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1993.

A blog post about blog posts

A blog post about blog posts Susan commented on the blog, Because I live far away from MIT, I cannot afford the costs of the travel [] Since I cannot make it, what should I do in order to know MIT better? A great starting point for how you can get to know MIT better are these very blogs. Actually, Blogger Emeritus Mollie posted this helpful and interesting post to a discussion board recently; it is such a good start to answering your question that Im reposting it here: So as youre probably aware, MIT has a dedicated group of student bloggers who have spilled huge amounts of virtual ink on every MIT-related topic under the sun. You may not be aware that this has been happening since 2004, and that there are, in fact, about 1800 blog entries in the archives. You have probably not read anything before the summer of 2006, which makes me incredibly sad why did I go back and fix the code for 1300 entires last summer if you are not going to read them? So Ive compiled a list of blog entries that may be particularly helpful as youre making your college decision. A bunch of them are mine, which has less to do with me being amazing and more to do with the fact that I know my own entries the best. If you know of a particularly trenchant entry written by an MIT blogger, by all means link to it below. Academics Mind and hand (Jessie): Engineers becoming scientists and vice versa http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/and_hand.shtml MIT students do it all night (Sam): Sams five favorite all-nighters http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/ll_night.shtml Answering my own questions (Mollie): How hard is the hard work? http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/uestions.shtml The most wonderful time of the year (Mollie): IAP. Also some stuff on time management. http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/e_of_the.shtml Play hard, and then work hard (Melis) http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/ork_hard.shtml I think I can, I think I can (Bryan): How do you have time to have fun? http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/nk_i_can.shtml Standing out (Mollie): Its okay not to be the best http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/ding_out.shtml The first step (Mollie): Asking for help at MIT http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/rst_step.shtml Its bigger than you, and you are not me (Sam): MITs culture, like a parfait http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/d_you_ar.shtml Let it bleed (Sam): GIRs http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/it_bleed.shtml Culture, Life, Activities Choice and the MIT lifestyle (Mollie): http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/ifestyle.shtml What MIT students do on Friday nights (Laura) http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/n_friday.shtml Power of suggestion (Sam): One way to tell if you belong at MIT http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/ggestion.shtml Yay, a hack! (Laura): Mario hack http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/y_a_hack.shtml As though we werent hosed enough (Jessie): Firetruck on the dome hack http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/sed_enou.shtml Why does my kid have to move again? (Jessie): Housing process http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/o_move_a.shtml Who we are (Mollie): http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/o_we_are.shtml Activities midway (Matt): A few of the five zillion student activities available at MIT http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/s_midway.shtml College Choice Why I came to MIT (Mollie): http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/e_to_mit.shtml Making your college decision (Melis): Why Melis chose MIT http://www.mitadmissions.org/topics/decision.shtml Faithful readers: what are some of your favorites from the blog archives?

Why Is America Going Organic - 1597 Words

Why is America going organic? Is it because Dr. OZ told them to? Is it because there are promises of losing weight and younger looking skin? What would make a person spend double the price for organic food and turn around a drink a coke? I am not saying organic foods are bad. I am saying unless you are going to be 100% committed, why bother? Organic farming is a $63 billion dollar business and about half of that is from Americans feeling the need to healthier. Everybody is trying to get into the business. Natural products are a $290 billion in the United States. Big chain stores like Wal-Mart even want a piece of the pie, because it is such a lucrative market. My question to Americans, is how do you know you are really getting†¦show more content†¦Whole Foods is well known in the organic business but they also are telling lies on their website. â€Å" Organic products meet stringent standards†¨. Organic certification is the public s assurance that products have been grown and handled according to strict procedures without persistent toxic chemical inputs. Why would Whole Foods tell such lies? Organic Products do not go through stringent standards. All you need for organic certification is the paperwork. Did you know organic farms use so-called natural pesticides? Natural pesticides are not regulated or even understood as their synthetic conventional pesticides. Studies show that conventional and organic farms use the same amount of pesticides and both are considered safe. The website also goes on to claim that organic foods taste better. Again I go back to that apple. Can you really tell a difference? Before writing this article, I used my family as guinea pigs. I even blindfolded them to it fun. Two out of my five family members chose the conventional grown apple. Whole foods continue to make all these accusations about how much better organic foods are by misleading the public. (3) Remember from earlier, this is a billion dollar business. For the two apples I purchased, one apple cost $0.85 and the organic one cost $2.34 and i t wasn’t much bigger in size. (1) I often wonder, what started organic foods and reality T.V? Why do Americans think that their child will obese if he enjoys candy or get cancer if

Drug Addiction - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 868 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/14 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Drug Addiction: Disease or Habit? When people hear the words drug addict, these words have negative connotations and stigmas attached to them. People visualize a person who does not care about anything, including family, work, or commitments, except for obtaining money to buy drugs to get high. However, there are many people who are drug addicts that maintain a normal, functional life. Most people who are drug addicts would give anything to kick the habit; they do not enjoy the high anymore. The problem is, they can’t. Addiction, defined by Webster, is a compulsive need for and use of a habit-forming substance characterized by tolerance and by well-defined physiological symptoms upon withdrawal. So, if the addicts want to stop, why can’t they? Is drug addiction a disease or habit? Drug dependency takes a long course from action to habits to compulsion. The personal effects of prescription drugs is a topic that hits home for me. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Drug Addiction" essay for you Create order I have had many friends lose their lives due to prescription drugs, literally and figuratively. Some were thrill-seekers, some just curious; some tried drugs because their friends used, or they wanted to be perceived as cool. Even more susceptible, though, are the many people who use drugs in order to cope with unpleasant emotions and the difficulties of life. They see drug usage as a way to escape their problems, but in all reality, the use of drugs does nothing but make their problems worse or even create new ones. Whether it be for the thrill or distraction, one thing is clear: no one plans on being a drug addict; it takes time. A person will start using the drug of his or her choice for a temporary fix, and before long, they are using more and more of that drug as well as experimenting with different types of other drugs. So, by the time they realize they have a problem, the user has lost his or her ability to control the drug use; they can’t quit. If a person using drugs wants to stop, but can’t, addiction has to be more than just a habit. I will need to do more research, but in this portion of my paper I would like to explain the journey that drugs take through the body. This way, I can convince the readers that drug addiction is more than a habit, and can be considered a brain disease. I will use the information I gained in my psychology class in college where we spent a lot of time going over the science side of addiction and what it does to the brain. It allowed me to see addiction as a brain disease rather than a compulsive habit and that helped me deal with the loss of my friends. I will explain the way that prescription pain killers mimic the endorphins, the body’s natural â€Å"feel-good† chemical and how the brain will eventually become tolerant to the â€Å"fake† endorphins and depend more and more on pain killers to keep from experiences withdrawal symptoms. Nowadays, it seems like there is a pill for everything. The media tries to convince consumers that they need a pill to cure ailments they didn’t even know they had. Also, doctors have been irresponsible when it comes to prescribing habit forming drugs, especially to young adults. I have a friend, Brandon, whose leg was run over by a tractor when he was eighteen years old. The doctor prescribed him an extremely high dosage of pain killers and before he knew it, he had developed a high tolerance for them. Once his leg was healed, he wanted to stop taking the pain killers, but his body went through a state of withdrawal. He wanted to stop taking the pills so bad that he checked himself into rehab. However, in order to get off of the pain killers, the doctors put him on methadone; a pill prescribed to prevent withdrawal symptoms in patients who were addicted to opiate drugs. Methadone may help relieve withdrawal symptoms from opiates, but is habit forming also, which means it will pose withdrawal symptoms when the patient tries to quit taking it as well. When trying to stop taking methadone, Brandon experienced nausea, vomiting, twitching, shaking, sweating, and blackouts. He couldn’t sleep or eat for days. If these symptoms were advertised, instead of the euphoria they show young adults now, there would be less dependency on prescription drugs. Drug addiction is a disabling disease and can ruin a person’s life. By taking drugs, a person’s brain becomes â€Å"rewired† to tolerate high amounts of dopamine neurotransmitters, but once those high amounts of dopamine cease to exist, the person experiences withdrawal symptoms. Whether you call it a habit or disease, either way it is a problem that needs to be dealt with. Drug addiction is not just a problem for young adults between the ages of 18 to 25; it is a problem with children at age 12, all the way to senior citizens. I believe if children are able to see drug addiction as a disease, then maybe, just maybe, they will be able to make the right decision regarding the beginning use of prescription drugs.

The Paralegal Career and Why Free Essays

When I first thought about becoming a paralegal, I was in working for a Trust and Probate attorney who also had a Title company. I enjoyed the data gathering, research, meeting people and understanding their needs and helping them find peace of mind. I had also just become interested in John Grisham novels, which, granted, does not truly represent the legal field in the most correct light, but they are legal thrillers nonetheless. We will write a custom essay sample on The Paralegal Career and Why or any similar topic only for you Order Now For some reason the combination of these two things made me think about pursuing a career in the legal field. I knew for certain that I did not want to go to law school, since I was a Mom with a lot of responsibility. I took an on-line course to become a legal assistant. However, when we moved, I had to change my career as I was offered a very challenging position in the insurance field. I studied to get my California Life, Health, Long Term Care, Property and Casualty licenses. Then my job required me to get my Series 7 and 66.These were all on-lines classes, they were convenient and could be obtained around my work schedule. I am a classroom-oriented person. So, when I was laid off, I concluded that this was my chance to get back into the legal field and a paralegal would be a happy medium. In the meantime, my son graduated from law school and passed the California Bar. I now find myself wanting a job in a local law firm. So here I am now, writing a paper on the career that I now find myself eagerly pursuing. How to cite The Paralegal Career and Why, Papers

Sustainability for Waste Management & Research- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSustainability for Waste Management Research. Answer: A system is a set of various parts that are interrelated with each other so that they can work towards achieving a common goal. In this essay the use of system thinking to develop solutions to achieve sustainability challenges is to be evaluated. Various arguments related to system thinking whether favorable or not while dealing with the present wicked problem is to be critically analyzed. System thinking generally focuses on the interrelationship between the individual parts and creating solutions for these problems. The problem of household food waste management is to be discussed by applicability of system thinking. In the current times both the developed and underdeveloped countries are facing the problem of food waste management from the household sector. Proper household food waste management is considered to be as a wicked problem in Australia. As per Eilam and Reisfeld (2017) system thinking is concluded to be a time consuming process and is very difficult to understand. In the recent times, system thinking approach is highly significant in dealing with the problems related to sustainability. As per Chunlin and Chan (2015) system thinking has been used by many researchers and academicians. There is a slight difference between the system thinking approach and traditional thinking approach. The traditional thinking practices used to focus on the major problem area while the system thinking approach lays major emphasis on inter relationship among the various constituents of the system. In the era of globalization, the world is going to face various problems and complexities. As suggested by () the complex or wicked problems can only be solved through system thinking. System thinking is a holistic approach and is interrelated with the systems constituent parts. Wicked problem Household food waste is one of the wicked problems faced by Australia. According to Rittel and Webber (1975) it is estimated that between 30 to 50% of the total food produced by the country is wasted. In Australia, maximum food waste is sent to landfill that represent an ineffective use of the existing scarce resources. The major environmental problem associated with this is generation of various greenhouses gases. Maximum amount of waste that is generated by the greenhouse gases is measured by the government. However, only that amount of food waste is ascertained by the government, which is disposed through the organized waste treatment procedure. As per Bing et al. (2015), the informal disposal of solid waste and domestic foods are taken in various forms. In Australia, the waste is disposed via waste disposal systems in a formal manner. Through system thinking, it would be possible to disposed of the household food waste in a more systematic and formal manner. According to Schott and Andersson (2015) more importance should be given on the agriculture and food systems to tackle the sustainability issue. The procedure underlying social, economic and environmental sustainability would be deriving from system thinking of the global food system. As per Thi, Kumar and Lin (2015) system thinking on the other hand would not be helpful in ascertaining the vital trade-offs that leads to increase in the accompanied food chain. In Australia the problem related to the food waste management is significant. Moreover, on an average it is also estimated that the Australia produces sufficient fresh foods so that the 60 million people can be fed on a daily basis. On the other hand, the country also spends more than 7.5 million tons of food that is suitable for the human consumption. In Australia recently the cost of food waste has significantly risen from $ 5.2 billion to $8 billion from the year 2009 to 2014. Moreover, in Australia, the food wastes also occur predominantly at both the retail and consumer levels. At an annual level, $616 worth of food is wasted from the household sector. As mentioned by Higgins (2014) the three pillar models of sustainability are social, economical and environmental. The most commonly used model for sustainable development is the three pillars model. As per, the model was previously known to be the acute pillars. The social aspect of the sustainability model mostly focuses on balancing the needs of the people with the group interest. For household food waste management, the social initiatives mostly involves market specific training programs for sustainable agriculture and food management, the second pillar is environmental sustainability, this is obtained when systems, activities and processes reduces the environmental impact. Proper food waste management through effective operations and facilities would lead to create a sustainable environment. The economic pillar is the third pillar of sustainability. This is used to encourage the strategies that are used in promoting the application of socio-economic resources to achieve maximum benefits. The three pillars model also known as the prism model comprises of major set of interlinked components. According to Teirlinck (2015) economic sustainability mainly involves to make sure that country makes maximum profit without creating any environmental or social issues within the organization. System thinking would help in building sustainable food system that would aim to redirect the policies and food system related to better adjusted goals and improved societal welfare. The sustainability for household food waste management is necessary to support positive transformation within the society. System thinking approach helps in dealing with the sustainability challenges. As per Garlapati (2016) problems that have turned more complex in the recent rimes can only be solved with the help of system thinking. The wide perspectives related to the system thinking can solve all the complex factors, which is dependent on the external factors. Household food waste management is an emergent problem that is continuously changing. Solving the complex problem can be achieved only through system thinking. This can be solved through analytical tools and methods. As per Salemdeeb et al. (2017) system dynamic is an effective approach to model system which is emphasized their feedback loops. Food wastes have vital implications on the community at various levels. This directly impacts the society on various levels. It also creates a direct impact on the condition of environment and is the cause of the climatic change. When the food wastes collected from the households is sent to landfills for decomposition, methane gas is emitted that traps the heat present in the atmosphere. The gas is produced at 25 times higher rate than that of carbon dioxide. As mentioned by Abeliotis, Lasaridi and Chroni (2014)14% of the total emissions of carbon dioxide in the world are caused due to household food wastes. Moreover, foods that are left to rot within the landfills also create a negative impact on land biodiversity around the landfills. This leads to pollute all the groundwater and waterways thus degrading the quality of environment. There are major six steps related to the system thinking that could be applied to solve all kinds of complex problems (GoodMan and Karash 1995). The first step involves in solving the problem includes is to understand the main problem area, which is achieved by looking deeply at the overall system instead of the individual parts. The major steps requires meeting with the stakeholders sharing the vision about the situation with the help of concept maps. It is important to tell the story as the starting point of system thinking analysis includes thinking about the problem besides acting on it. The next step includes drawing behavior over time graphs as it would link the present to the past and thus would lead to move from seeing events to recognizing patterns over time (Chunlin and Chan 2015). The third step includes creating a focusing statement, at this point a statement would be created to help in analyzing the rest of procedures. This step is followed by identifying the structure and the system archetype is an effective way to ascertain and build a theory of how and why things are happening. The fifth step includes going deeper into the underlying issues so that a proper action can be implemented by the management. Finally, planning an intervention is important to acknowledge the system so that a solution can be designed that would help in designing a solution for producing the desirable solutions. The most significant intervention that involves is changing the thinking process of people that are involved in the system. Planning an intervention should be consistent wit h the structure. The iceberg model is another system thinking tool that should be designed to help any group are individual. This helps in discovering the behavior patterns, models and supporting structures that is related to a particular event. As per Maani and Cavana (2007) Iceberg model is most frequently used by the management to explain the system thinking methodology. The iceberg model is divided into four parts mental models, structure, pattern or trends and events. Each level of the iceberg model offers a deeper and clear understanding of the system. On the other hand as per Abeliotis, Lasaridi and Chroni (2014) it is not necessary to have a clear or deep understanding of the system theory to influence the behavior of the people. this model mostly tries to explain that any sort of problem is too deep and is hidden beneath the covers. As per Bing et al. (2015) system thinking is a powerful and useful to obtain a world view and produce new perspectives. The solutions to the wicked problem of household food waste management are generated at each lower level and also tend to be more innovative and have a major substantial impact. The mental model level is the most powerful level that provides the basic solution for household food waste management that is to be created and is quite hard to implement. Whereas, as mentioned by, the major challenges in this model related to system thinking is that choosing appropriate responses at all the adequate levels? Sometimes identifying new patterns or events can also lead to change the entire structure for the system thinking of the wicked problem. In Australia, wastes can be generally disposed by proper waste disposal system. Through system thinking the local government can establish waste disposal system through alternate routes. Majority of household food wastes is disposed through kerbiside local government by proper treatment and collection. The waste collected is treated by land filling and municipal composting. The existing municipal composting in the country encourages households for proper waste management. The household food wastes are distributed in appropriate municipal beans especially in green organic bins, which include food wastes. The wastes than is further transformed to the various composting facility and landfills. However as per Maani and Cavana (2007) there are no standards related to the practice for food waste collection. Food waste is recently an international phenomenon that has affected all the countries globally. Majority of household food wastes produced in Australia occurs reportedly on the later phase of food supply chain. System thinking helps in evaluating the current scenario in a clearer manner. It can be concluded that Australia should prepare itself for the current rise in the increase in the food demand. The overall households food wastes produced by the country are approximately around 7.5 millions tones of food each year. The nation cannot continue to waste the food resources in the recent years. The efforts related to reduce the food wastes is also an environmental imperative. Therefore system thinking is beneficial for sustainability and offers sustainable alternative to maximize the production of food wastes. References: Abeliotis, K., Lasaridi, K. and Chroni, C., 2014. Attitudes and behaviour of Greek households regarding food waste prevention.Waste Management Research,32(3), pp.237-240. Bing, X., Bloemhof-Ruwaard, J., Chaabane, A. and van der Vorst, J., 2015. Global reverse supply chain redesign for household plastic waste under the emission trading scheme.Journal of cleaner production,103, pp.28-39. Chunlin, G.U.O. and Chan, C.C., 2015. Whole-system thinking, development control, key barriers and promotion mechanism for EV development.Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,3(2), pp.160-169. Eilam, B. and Reisfeld, D., 2017. A Curriculum Unit for Promoting Complex System Thinking: The Case of Combined System Dynamics and Agent Based Models for Population Growth.Journal of Advances in Education Research,2(2). Eriksson, M., Strid, I. and Hansson, P.A., 2015. Carbon footprint of food waste management options in the waste hierarchya Swedish case study.Journal of Cleaner Production,93, pp.115-125. Garlapati, V.K., 2016. E-waste in India and developed countries: Management, recycling, business and biotechnological initiatives.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,54, pp.874-881. Goodman, M.I.C.H.A.E.L. and Karash, R.I.C.H.A.R.D., 1995. Six steps to thinking systemically.The systems thinker,6(2). Higgins, K.L., 2014.Economic Growth and Sustainability: Systems Thinking for a Complex World. Academic Press. Maani, K. and Cavana, R.Y., 2007.Systems thinking, system dynamics: Managing change and complexity. Prentice Hall. Rittel, H.W. and Webber, M.M., 1973. Dilemmas in a general theory of planning.Policy sciences,4(2), pp.155-169. Salemdeeb, R., zu Ermgassen, E.K., Kim, M.H., Balmford, A. and Al-Tabbaa, A., 2017. Environmental and health impacts of using food waste as animal feed: a comparative analysis of food waste management options.Journal of cleaner production,140, pp.871-880. Schott, A.B.S. and Andersson, T., 2015. Food waste minimization from a life-cycle perspective.Journal of environmental management,147, pp.219-226. Teirlinck, P., 2015. Current Trends in Regional Innovation System Thinking and Policy Making.International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development,6(1), pp.1-6. Thi, N.B.D., Kumar, G. and Lin, C.Y., 2015. An overview of food waste management in developing countries: current status and future perspective.Journal of environmental management,157, pp.220-229.

Romeo Juliet Essay Example

Romeo Juliet Essay The tragic play of Romeo and Juliet was written by a world renowned script writer William Shakespeare. Shakespeare was born in 1564 and died in 1616. William Shakespeare is for his great contribution to English literature. Even though nearly 400 after his death, many people choose to study his work over many other writers. Much of his work has been translated in a variety of languages. Shakespeare has accomplished many brilliant pieces of literature, like; sonnets, poems and play scripts. One of his most famous plays was Romeo and Juliet. This play is about a romantic tragedy of two lovers whos freedom to express their love is torn by the hatred between the families they are from. Both are young and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve, they viewed love in a very different concept. Many film directors have used the theme of this play in their movies. Some directors use the whole script or most of the script and have created many films based on Shakespeares work.The end of the play resulted in both of th eir tragic deaths. The following essay will explore how the characters and relationship of Romeo and Juliet evolve between act 1 and act 2.At the very beginning of the play before Romeo and Juliet meet, he feels deeply saddened because Rosaline, the girl he loves has rejected him. At this point he pities himself because of this: ay me sad hours seem long. Romeos character is very melodramatic; he takes things that have happened to him very seriously. Montague, Romeos father says that in the morning he sees Romeo crying: Many a morning hath there been seen, with tears. Shakespeare portrays Romeos character as being very venerable to situations that do not go to his accordance. At this point the audience will see Romeo as like a spoilt teenager, bearing in mind that he is from a very high class and status family and the only child of the Montague couple.Like the majority of teenagers of Romeos age, they are constantly troubles with issues concerning love and relationships. However, in Romeos situation, Shakespeare has used the effect of love on Romeo but the audience sees Romeo taking his emotions and outcomes extremely seriously as if it were to be a very serious situation: Away from light steals home my heavy son, and private in his chamber pens himself, shuts up his windows, locks far daylight and makes himself an artificial night. This quote shows that Romeo is hutting himself in his chamber, this demonstrates that Romeo wants to be by himself. Overall, the first glimpses of Romeo shows himself as being a self centred teenager who takes things very seriously, which is not necessary.On the other hand, Juliets character before she meets Romeo is very venerable too and also obedient. At first, Juliets father confronted her with a proposal from a man called Paris: But now, my Lord, what say you to my suit. However, Juliet says herself that she has not thought of marriage yet: It is an honour that I dream not of. Juliet tells her mother that she has thought about marriage, yet, she is not keen on being married. This is because she describes marriage as an honour. Further on, Juliets mother Lady Capulet asks her if she could love Paris: Speak briefly, can you like Paris love? Juliet replies by saying: Ill look to like, if looking liking move: But no more deep will I endart my eye than your consent gives me strength to make it fly. Juliets response is that she will try to bond and like Paris if her parents give her their consent. Shakespeare is presenting to the audience that Juliet at this point is very obedient to her parents; she will only do what pleases her parents.Another characteristic of Juliet is that she is venerable, and because of this she is protected by her family, the Capulet family. A quote which suggests this is: My child is yet a stranger to the world. Her father is telling Paris that his daughter is new to the world. She has no understanding of the happenings outside the Capulet house. The previous quote could also suggest that she is still young. Capulet is very protective towards his only daughter: And soon marrd are those so early made, Capulet is saying that it could ruin Juliet is she gets married and gives birth at an early age. This significantly shows that he is concerned about her wellbeing so he prevents her from marriage until a certain point in time: let two summers wither in their pride, Capulet is giving his consent to Paris to marry Juliet after the passing of two summers so she can mature more. Juliet is the only daughter of Capulet that means that she will probably be spoilt and will be protected. Capulet says himself that she is his world: The earth hath sawllowd all my hopes but she, she is the hopeful lady of my earth, this quote also suggests that Juliet is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve too.The first impressions the audience will draw towards on Romeo and Juliet is that Romeo is a self catered teenager and is melodramatic whereas Juliet is obedient, protected, venerable and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve. S hakespeare uses situations in the play that concern Romeo and situations that concern Juliet. However, the main point is that these situations reveal the characteristics of the pair before they meet each other. From analysing their characteristic the audience can see that Romeo and Juliet is a dangerous combination. Also foreshadowing what is to come in later scenes. The reasons for this is that in one hand Romeo is melodramatic and always wants what he desires and on the other hand Juliet is highly obedient. So, Romeo will want Juliets heart and Juliet is obedient so she may accept it.Romeo is at the Capulet house, where a party is taking place. Despite the fact that the Montague are the sworn enemy of the Capulet, Romeo still takes the risk and attends. When Romeo sees Juliet for the first time he comes out with a soliloquy. Shakespeare has done this so Romeos inner thoughts can be revealed to the audience. Romeo opens the soliloquy by complimenting Juliets beauty: O, she doth tea ch the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheeks of night. Romeo describes Juliets beauty, her face makes her seem bright like fire, and he associates fire with Juliets beauty. He continues: Like a rich jewel in an Ethiopes ear; Beauty too for use, for earth too dear!Romeo compares Juliet to an Ethiopian with jewel dangling from her ear, he says she is too good for everyday life; she is something unique and special. The play Romeo and Juliet, in terms of the comparison of darkness and light, this theme shows up commonly in successive scenes. The comparison of dark and light is a fundamental element of their love, it is interesting to note that significant love scenes are set in the dark not in the disarray of the day. This significantly suggests that Romeo loves Juliet at night. However, he kills Tybalt while it is day. This idea is particularly evident in the first act, in the way Romeo is said to be shutting out the daylight while he is yearning for his love and t he rejection of Rosaline.Romeo seems to be forgetting Rosaline. The beauty of Juliet has illumined Romeo and he has given up being depressed over Rosaline: Did my heart love till now? For swear it sight. Romeo is thinking that has he ever known love until he saw Juliet. Then he again speaks of Juliets beauty in the last line of the soliloquy: For I never saw beauty till this night. The previous quotation verifies that Romeo has given up the love of Rosaline and he now thinks that he has seen true beauty and is in complete love with Juliet. From what the audience have seen from Romeo so far at the first meeting with Juliet is that he has changed his course of love. The audience will see his character as fickle; he is jumping from one woman to another. This shows how immature Romeo is; he takes every opportunity to meet his circumstances.Juliets first glimpse of Romeo was when he confronted her in the party. Romeo uses clever language and double meaning to seduce her: If I profane wit h my unworthiest hand. This holy shrine, the gentle sin is this: My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand to smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. Romeo is saying to Juliet if he were to touch her he would be committing blasphemy. Shakespeare has used words such as holy shrine and pilgrims; he does this to make Juliet seem pure like religion. What Romeo is trying to do here is to kiss Juliet. However, Juliet hearing that Romeo is comparing her to a shrine, she continues with this religious concept. Juliet calls Romeo a Good pilgrimJuliet then replies to the proposal from Romeo to kiss her: For saints have hands that pilgrims hands do touch. And palm to palm is holy palmers kiss: By using religious theme like Romeo when he spoke to her, Juliet suggests that they should kiss but do it by touching hands. Romeo seems unsatisfied by this and he again proposes to kiss by using their lips: Have not saint lips, and holy palmers too? Juliet flatly refuses his second proposal: Ay, pi lgrim, lips that they must use in prayer. Juliet says that pilgrims use their lips in prayer. Romeo who is the type who does not take no for an answer again persists for a kiss: O, then, dear saint, let lips do; they pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair. Romeo says that let both of their lips touch or the faith he has in her will turn to despair. Juliet, who has never experienced a situation like this before is left with two paths; either to accept Romeos proposal, or turn him down.Bearing in mind the fact that Juliet has not yet grasped the understanding of true human nature outside her home, so unfortunately she falls under the lure from Romeo and accepts his asking: Saints do not move, though grant for prayers sake. This is Juliets way of indicating her approval. Juliets lack of understanding in the sense of love makes her easily owned by Romeo. This scene at the party was Juliets first ever awakening to love. Romeo successfully achieves what he aimed for, but he only man aged to do it after a couple of failed attempts which were used as persuasion techniques used on Juliet. Romeos last asking to Juliet probably made her think that she would lose someone who could love her.She never had anyone else but Paris who she can give her love to and now that she has been given a dose of Romeos interpretation of love she made the decision to accept his love. Romeo has done enough to convince Juliet that he is the one for her. The audience will now view Juliet as obedient to what Romeo has said to her. Adding to that, she is immature for accepting melodramatic Romeos wish. Romeo says himself that he will turn to despair, which is again demonstrating his melodramatic character. This could be one of the reasons for Juliets acceptance. She did not want to refuse an opportunity for love.At this point in the play, it can easily be verified that Romeo has control over Juliet, in terms of their relations to one another during their first meeting. The first reason whic h justifies the previous statement is that Romeo notices Juliet before she does. Further on, he lures himself to her and also he asks her permission to kiss her and eventually he wins her. While, on the other hand Juliet cab be named as the follower because of her obedience to Romeos desire. Juliets characteristic in this scene can also be traced back in previous scenes where there is evidence showing her obedience. Juliet presented her obedience to her mother by stating that she will only love Paris if her parents give her their consent. however, in the current situation Juliet seems to be forgetting Paris asking for her hand in marriage and her sayings to her mother, now she has exited them thoughts and ideas for new ones. Currently Juliet has accepted Romeos affection towards her and seems to be overwhelmed by it. Obedience is still roaming in her characteristics but not towards her parents instead it is towards Romeo.It is interesting to note that Shakespeare formatted Romeo and Juliets first meeting in the form of a sonnet. Sonnets are of Shakespeares own creation, he invented this form of literature for a purpose. The ultimate significance of sonnets is that its purpose was originally used as a piece of writing demonstrating a theme of romance and love. In this case, where Romeo has met Juliet for the first time, the use of a sonnet seems necessary to emphasize the strong romantic bond between them.Shakespeare has cleverly devised a religious concept, which is the theme of the conversation between Romeo and Juliet, calling her a Shrine and reference of her as a Saint. The choices of words show how Romeo feels towards Juliets beauty. Romeo sees eh beauty and ranks her as a shrine. In Romeos point of view, Juliet seems abnormal to him, because her facial features are described as bright. In a religious idea, a shrine would be a sacred monument that holds an important sector in a followers life, also would be portrayed as something holy. This is exactly wha t Romeo is trying to show Juliet that he feels that she can be associated to a shrine because of her beauty that has attracted Romeo.This religious imagery is then continued then continued by Juliet. Juliet, in her response to Romeo calls him a pilgrim. Significantly, a pilgrim is the one who prays or does religious activities at a holy shrine. So when Juliet says: Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much, she is relating to what Romeo called her, showing her desire to align herself with him. Shakespeares use of religious imagery was for Romeo to use double meaning in order to gain what he wanted. This is a sacrilegious sonnet in which Juliet is a saint or shrine that is to be kissed by Romeo who is a pilgrim. This also relates to the actual fact that Romeo mean pilgrim in Italian and the play is set in Verona.Romeo and Juliets first meeting has been dramatised by Shakespeare in a remarkable way. The reason for its significance is that Juliet has been engaged at this party. How ever, she meets Romeo, who swiftly gives up all emotions towards Rosaline and at the party he has revealed his feelings for Juliet. At the end of the party, both Romeo and Juliet have been touched emotionally by each other.The audience already have full knowledge about the hatred and conflicts between Romeos family and Juliets family. Despite the concern of a violent incident, the young Montague still decide to attend the Capulet party that has been invited to all except the Montague family. Romeo being amongst the group has been noticed by Juliets cousin Tybalt: This, by his voice, should be a Montague. Tybalt informs his uncle Capulet about the sighting of Romeo. Much to his surprise, Capulet does not give his permission to Tybalt to do anything to Romeo because this would embarrass Capulet in the presence of his guests: Youll not endure him! God shall mend my soul! Youll make a mutiny among my guests! Shakespeare has made the first meeting of Romeo and Juliet very dramatic accord ing its circumstances. Romeo is full aware that if he and his fellow friends are noticed they may be killed. However, Romeo still takes the risk, he does not seem too worried, this ultimately exposes his sense of immaturity.After all guests have left, Romeo decides to head back to see Juliet again. So he walked through the Capulet orchard and eventually finds Juliet up on a balcony. Romeo talks to himself about Juliet, and Juliet is unaware of his presence. When Romeo sees Juliet again he says: But soft, what light through yonder window breaks?, It is the east, and Juliet is the sun, Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon. Romeo then invokes the darkness or the night as a type of safeguard from harm: I have nights cloak to hide me from their eyes. This conflict between darkness and light or day and night will not end until the disarray of the day in due course overcomes the passionate nights and ultimately this finishes the lives of both lovers.This also demonstrates Romeos meta phoric use of imagery of the cosmos. In one of the quotes above, Romeo is saying that Juliet is the sun and she should kill the moon that is jealous because of Juliets beauty. Personification is also present in that quote, because in reality the moon will not be able to feel jealousy. Romeo has always compared Rosaline to the moon and now that he is in love with Juliet he believes his love for Juliet has outshone the love that he had for Rosaline. This could have referred to Greek mythology because Romeo later says: Be not her maid, since she is envious: Her vestal livery and none but fools wear it; cast if off. Romeo is suggesting that Juliet should no longer worship the Greek god and lose her virginity to him. This reveals his inner thoughts and showing his impulsiveness.Romeo also states that Juliet is his love: It is my lady, O, it is my love! an example of a hyperbole that is used by Romeo is when he says: Two of the fairest stars in all the heavens having some business, do ent reat her eyes to twinkle in their spheres till they return. Romeo is describing Juliets eyes as being so bright that they are like start n the night sky. Romeo also says that he wishes that he were a glove on Juliets hand so he can feel her cheek: O, that! Were a glove upon that hand, that o might touch that cheek! so far the audience has witnessed Romeos inner thoughts. Romeo also exposes his sexual desire to make love to Juliet. Romeo begins to present evidence of growing maturity in this scene of the balcony. His speeches that he is saying to himself are now in blank verse relatively different from the rhythmic iambic pentameter apparent in his earlier sonnets and couplets. Romeo is no longer the miserable that was shown in several accounts in Act 1. Up to this point; Romeo has articulated his feelings in a traditional and idiomatic style.Juliet discovers that Romeo is a Montague and if Juliet falls in love with him, this case will certainly coincide with the disapproval from bot h their parents and families. However, Juliet is not troubled by this. Juliet is talking to herself in the balcony unaware of Romeo listening to her: O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny they father and refuse thy name; or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, and Ill no longer be a Capulet. Juliet is saying that she is prepared to throw away her family name just to be with Romeo. Hearing this, Romeo is fully assured that Juliet has feelings for him, he hesitates to make the decision of carrying on listening to her or to talk to her: Shall, I hear more, or shall I speak at this? Juliet feels that it does not matter what Romeos name is, all that matters is that he is still the same person: Whats in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.Juliet soon discovers Romeo has heard what she was saying: What man art thou that thus bescreend in night so stumblest on my counsel. Juliet is shocked when confronted by Romeo. Romeo says that his name i s like an enemy to him: My name, dear saint, is hateful to myself, because is an enemy to thee. Notice that Romeo is referring back to their first meeting: dear saint. Romeo is so desperate to win Juliets heart that he is willing to fulfil Juliets satisfaction and throw away his name. Juliet tells Romeo that if he were to be caught climbing over the Capulet walls he would be killed, Romeo immaturely replies: For string limits cannot hold love out Therefore the kinsmen are not let to me.Romeo behaves in a sweet manor towards Juliet: Alack, there lies more peril in thine eye than twenty of their swords. Romeo is telling Juliet that is she was to look at him harshly that would be more painful than someone coming to him with a sword. Romeo thinks Juliet as being his possession: I would adventure for some merchandise, Romeo sees love as an adventure. Juliet is obviously impressed by the romantic language used by Romeo: Thou knowst the mask of night is on my face, else would a maiden blus h bepaint my cheeks. Juliet discloses to Romeo that is it was not dark he would be able to see Juliets face. Juliet asks Romeo if he loves her: Dost thou love me? instead of hearing a response from Romeo,Juliet predicts his response: I know thou wilt say Ay and I will take thy word: yet if thou swearst thou mayst prove false, Juliet tells Romeo that she knows he will reply yes to her question, however, she did not let him give his reply because she is nervous that he will say no. Juliet also informs Romeo that she is not easily won: If thou dost love, pronounce it faithfully or if thou thinkst I am too quickly won.Romeo is left in a slight dilemma: O, wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied? Romeo asks Juliet if she is going to leave him unsatisfied. Juliet got an impression that he wants to do something physical with her: What satisfaction canst thou have tonight? Juliet tells Romeo that in no circumstances will there be any physical activities going on between them. Without any delay Ro meo makes a proposal to her: The exchange of thy loves faithful vow for mine. Juliet happily informs that she has already given her consent before his proposal: I gave thee mine before thou didst request it. On the night of Juliets engagement to Paris, she has given her consent to the proposal for marriage from Romeo. In the matter of only the first day of Romeo and Juliets meeting, they have already exchanged vows. This shows how quickly their relationship has progressed.Romeos attitude to love is that he feels it is an adventure. Romeo, without any hesitation has taken the burden of marriage at an inexperienced age and with an inexperienced 13 year old. He seems to not understand the fundamental aspects of love, he makes situations more chaotic. He has fallen into love with someone on the day they met and on that very same he asks her to get married. Whereas, on the other hand we have Juliet, who sees love as something that develops and progresses over time: This bud of love, by s ummers ripening breath, may prove a beauteous flower when next we meet. She is saying that she sees love as a flower that will blossom beautifully over time. Ironically, flowers die in the end and the dramatic irony in this is that they both die in the end. Juliet also uses an epithet when she says: sweet Montague.The dynamic of Romeo and Juliets relationship has changed too, Juliet feels more confident. Juliet is obviously overwhelmed because Romeo has displayed his sincerity by declaring a marriage proposal and exchange vows. The evidence that proves that Juliet has more confidence and she has taken over control in the following quote: Thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrow, by on that Ill proceed to come to thee, where and what time thou wilt perform the rite. This is an open display of how the dynamic of their relationship of their relationship has changed. Juliet organises the marriage, she also proposes that they should get married tomorrow. Juliet asks Romeo what time th ey will get married tomorrow, he replies: At the hour of nine. She responds to this by saying: I will not fail: tis twenty years till then. She uses extreme exaggeration; this is an example a hyperbole.Juliets character has evolved from what she was in the opening scenes. She is more confident in making her own decisions and is no longer obedient toward her parents. Romeo has left his old self where he was melodramatic, but he would have been over exaggerating if Juliet too did not did not approve of his emotions. However, Romeo has revealed his impulsive nature when he asked Juliet for hand in marriage on the night of their meeting.Over Acts 1 and 2 the audience have witnessed vast changes in Romeo and Juliets character. We have seen how Juliet and Romeos character has evolved and we can conclude that the couple make a dangerous combination. The reasons for this is that Romeo will proceed into great lengths to satisfy hi inner desire and Juliet is in illusion by Romeos choice of la nguage and romantic nature. Eventually the couple will lead to their own destruction because of their tragic deaths in the final scene. Because of the fact that they are young and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve, they do not have the sufficient knowledge and experience and this also results in their death. Shakespeare has devised this play script in a unique way; his message is to show how young love without any experience may conclude in a tragedy. He has displayed how the individual characteristics of two lovers and their attitude to love can demolish their lives. Romeo Juliet Essay Example Romeo Juliet Paper The tragic play of Romeo and Juliet was written by a world renowned script writer William Shakespeare. Shakespeare was born in 1564 and died in 1616. William Shakespeare is for his great contribution to English literature. Even though nearly 400 after his death, many people choose to study his work over many other writers. Much of his work has been translated in a variety of languages. Shakespeare has accomplished many brilliant pieces of literature, like; sonnets, poems and play scripts. One of his most famous plays was Romeo and Juliet. This play is about a romantic tragedy of two lovers whos freedom to express their love is torn by the hatred between the families they are from. Both are young and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve, they viewed love in a very different concept. Many film directors have used the theme of this play in their movies. Some directors use the whole script or most of the script and have created many films based on Shakespeares work.The end of the play resulted in both of th eir tragic deaths. The following essay will explore how the characters and relationship of Romeo and Juliet evolve between act 1 and act 2.At the very beginning of the play before Romeo and Juliet meet, he feels deeply saddened because Rosaline, the girl he loves has rejected him. At this point he pities himself because of this: ay me sad hours seem long. Romeos character is very melodramatic; he takes things that have happened to him very seriously. Montague, Romeos father says that in the morning he sees Romeo crying: Many a morning hath there been seen, with tears. Shakespeare portrays Romeos character as being very venerable to situations that do not go to his accordance. At this point the audience will see Romeo as like a spoilt teenager, bearing in mind that he is from a very high class and status family and the only child of the Montague couple.Like the majority of teenagers of Romeos age, they are constantly troubles with issues concerning love and relationships. However, in Romeos situation, Shakespeare has used the effect of love on Romeo but the audience sees Romeo taking his emotions and outcomes extremely seriously as if it were to be a very serious situation: Away from light steals home my heavy son, and private in his chamber pens himself, shuts up his windows, locks far daylight and makes himself an artificial night. This quote shows that Romeo is hutting himself in his chamber, this demonstrates that Romeo wants to be by himself. Overall, the first glimpses of Romeo shows himself as being a self centred teenager who takes things very seriously, which is not necessary.On the other hand, Juliets character before she meets Romeo is very venerable too and also obedient. At first, Juliets father confronted her with a proposal from a man called Paris: But now, my Lord, what say you to my suit. However, Juliet says herself that she has not thought of marriage yet: It is an honour that I dream not of. Juliet tells her mother that she has thought about marriage, yet, she is not keen on being married. This is because she describes marriage as an honour. Further on, Juliets mother Lady Capulet asks her if she could love Paris: Speak briefly, can you like Paris love? Juliet replies by saying: Ill look to like, if looking liking move: But no more deep will I endart my eye than your consent gives me strength to make it fly. Juliets response is that she will try to bond and like Paris if her parents give her their consent. Shakespeare is presenting to the audience that Juliet at this point is very obedient to her parents; she will only do what pleases her parents.Another characteristic of Juliet is that she is venerable, and because of this she is protected by her family, the Capulet family. A quote which suggests this is: My child is yet a stranger to the world. Her father is telling Paris that his daughter is new to the world. She has no understanding of the happenings outside the Capulet house. The previous quote could also suggest that she is still young. Capulet is very protective towards his only daughter: And soon marrd are those so early made, Capulet is saying that it could ruin Juliet is she gets married and gives birth at an early age. This significantly shows that he is concerned about her wellbeing so he prevents her from marriage until a certain point in time: let two summers wither in their pride, Capulet is giving his consent to Paris to marry Juliet after the passing of two summers so she can mature more. Juliet is the only daughter of Capulet that means that she will probably be spoilt and will be protected. Capulet says himself that she is his world: The earth hath sawllowd all my hopes but she, she is the hopeful lady of my earth, this quote also suggests that Juliet is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve too.The first impressions the audience will draw towards on Romeo and Juliet is that Romeo is a self catered teenager and is melodramatic whereas Juliet is obedient, protected, venerable and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve. S hakespeare uses situations in the play that concern Romeo and situations that concern Juliet. However, the main point is that these situations reveal the characteristics of the pair before they meet each other. From analysing their characteristic the audience can see that Romeo and Juliet is a dangerous combination. Also foreshadowing what is to come in later scenes. The reasons for this is that in one hand Romeo is melodramatic and always wants what he desires and on the other hand Juliet is highly obedient. So, Romeo will want Juliets heart and Juliet is obedient so she may accept it.Romeo is at the Capulet house, where a party is taking place. Despite the fact that the Montague are the sworn enemy of the Capulet, Romeo still takes the risk and attends. When Romeo sees Juliet for the first time he comes out with a soliloquy. Shakespeare has done this so Romeos inner thoughts can be revealed to the audience. Romeo opens the soliloquy by complimenting Juliets beauty: O, she doth tea ch the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheeks of night. Romeo describes Juliets beauty, her face makes her seem bright like fire, and he associates fire with Juliets beauty. He continues: Like a rich jewel in an Ethiopes ear; Beauty too for use, for earth too dear!Romeo compares Juliet to an Ethiopian with jewel dangling from her ear, he says she is too good for everyday life; she is something unique and special. The play Romeo and Juliet, in terms of the comparison of darkness and light, this theme shows up commonly in successive scenes. The comparison of dark and light is a fundamental element of their love, it is interesting to note that significant love scenes are set in the dark not in the disarray of the day. This significantly suggests that Romeo loves Juliet at night. However, he kills Tybalt while it is day. This idea is particularly evident in the first act, in the way Romeo is said to be shutting out the daylight while he is yearning for his love and t he rejection of Rosaline.Romeo seems to be forgetting Rosaline. The beauty of Juliet has illumined Romeo and he has given up being depressed over Rosaline: Did my heart love till now? For swear it sight. Romeo is thinking that has he ever known love until he saw Juliet. Then he again speaks of Juliets beauty in the last line of the soliloquy: For I never saw beauty till this night. The previous quotation verifies that Romeo has given up the love of Rosaline and he now thinks that he has seen true beauty and is in complete love with Juliet. From what the audience have seen from Romeo so far at the first meeting with Juliet is that he has changed his course of love. The audience will see his character as fickle; he is jumping from one woman to another. This shows how immature Romeo is; he takes every opportunity to meet his circumstances.Juliets first glimpse of Romeo was when he confronted her in the party. Romeo uses clever language and double meaning to seduce her: If I profane wit h my unworthiest hand. This holy shrine, the gentle sin is this: My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand to smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. Romeo is saying to Juliet if he were to touch her he would be committing blasphemy. Shakespeare has used words such as holy shrine and pilgrims; he does this to make Juliet seem pure like religion. What Romeo is trying to do here is to kiss Juliet. However, Juliet hearing that Romeo is comparing her to a shrine, she continues with this religious concept. Juliet calls Romeo a Good pilgrimJuliet then replies to the proposal from Romeo to kiss her: For saints have hands that pilgrims hands do touch. And palm to palm is holy palmers kiss: By using religious theme like Romeo when he spoke to her, Juliet suggests that they should kiss but do it by touching hands. Romeo seems unsatisfied by this and he again proposes to kiss by using their lips: Have not saint lips, and holy palmers too? Juliet flatly refuses his second proposal: Ay, pi lgrim, lips that they must use in prayer. Juliet says that pilgrims use their lips in prayer. Romeo who is the type who does not take no for an answer again persists for a kiss: O, then, dear saint, let lips do; they pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair. Romeo says that let both of their lips touch or the faith he has in her will turn to despair. Juliet, who has never experienced a situation like this before is left with two paths; either to accept Romeos proposal, or turn him down.Bearing in mind the fact that Juliet has not yet grasped the understanding of true human nature outside her home, so unfortunately she falls under the lure from Romeo and accepts his asking: Saints do not move, though grant for prayers sake. This is Juliets way of indicating her approval. Juliets lack of understanding in the sense of love makes her easily owned by Romeo. This scene at the party was Juliets first ever awakening to love. Romeo successfully achieves what he aimed for, but he only man aged to do it after a couple of failed attempts which were used as persuasion techniques used on Juliet. Romeos last asking to Juliet probably made her think that she would lose someone who could love her.She never had anyone else but Paris who she can give her love to and now that she has been given a dose of Romeos interpretation of love she made the decision to accept his love. Romeo has done enough to convince Juliet that he is the one for her. The audience will now view Juliet as obedient to what Romeo has said to her. Adding to that, she is immature for accepting melodramatic Romeos wish. Romeo says himself that he will turn to despair, which is again demonstrating his melodramatic character. This could be one of the reasons for Juliets acceptance. She did not want to refuse an opportunity for love.At this point in the play, it can easily be verified that Romeo has control over Juliet, in terms of their relations to one another during their first meeting. The first reason whic h justifies the previous statement is that Romeo notices Juliet before she does. Further on, he lures himself to her and also he asks her permission to kiss her and eventually he wins her. While, on the other hand Juliet cab be named as the follower because of her obedience to Romeos desire. Juliets characteristic in this scene can also be traced back in previous scenes where there is evidence showing her obedience. Juliet presented her obedience to her mother by stating that she will only love Paris if her parents give her their consent. however, in the current situation Juliet seems to be forgetting Paris asking for her hand in marriage and her sayings to her mother, now she has exited them thoughts and ideas for new ones. Currently Juliet has accepted Romeos affection towards her and seems to be overwhelmed by it. Obedience is still roaming in her characteristics but not towards her parents instead it is towards Romeo.It is interesting to note that Shakespeare formatted Romeo and Juliets first meeting in the form of a sonnet. Sonnets are of Shakespeares own creation, he invented this form of literature for a purpose. The ultimate significance of sonnets is that its purpose was originally used as a piece of writing demonstrating a theme of romance and love. In this case, where Romeo has met Juliet for the first time, the use of a sonnet seems necessary to emphasize the strong romantic bond between them.Shakespeare has cleverly devised a religious concept, which is the theme of the conversation between Romeo and Juliet, calling her a Shrine and reference of her as a Saint. The choices of words show how Romeo feels towards Juliets beauty. Romeo sees eh beauty and ranks her as a shrine. In Romeos point of view, Juliet seems abnormal to him, because her facial features are described as bright. In a religious idea, a shrine would be a sacred monument that holds an important sector in a followers life, also would be portrayed as something holy. This is exactly wha t Romeo is trying to show Juliet that he feels that she can be associated to a shrine because of her beauty that has attracted Romeo.This religious imagery is then continued then continued by Juliet. Juliet, in her response to Romeo calls him a pilgrim. Significantly, a pilgrim is the one who prays or does religious activities at a holy shrine. So when Juliet says: Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much, she is relating to what Romeo called her, showing her desire to align herself with him. Shakespeares use of religious imagery was for Romeo to use double meaning in order to gain what he wanted. This is a sacrilegious sonnet in which Juliet is a saint or shrine that is to be kissed by Romeo who is a pilgrim. This also relates to the actual fact that Romeo mean pilgrim in Italian and the play is set in Verona.Romeo and Juliets first meeting has been dramatised by Shakespeare in a remarkable way. The reason for its significance is that Juliet has been engaged at this party. How ever, she meets Romeo, who swiftly gives up all emotions towards Rosaline and at the party he has revealed his feelings for Juliet. At the end of the party, both Romeo and Juliet have been touched emotionally by each other.The audience already have full knowledge about the hatred and conflicts between Romeos family and Juliets family. Despite the concern of a violent incident, the young Montague still decide to attend the Capulet party that has been invited to all except the Montague family. Romeo being amongst the group has been noticed by Juliets cousin Tybalt: This, by his voice, should be a Montague. Tybalt informs his uncle Capulet about the sighting of Romeo. Much to his surprise, Capulet does not give his permission to Tybalt to do anything to Romeo because this would embarrass Capulet in the presence of his guests: Youll not endure him! God shall mend my soul! Youll make a mutiny among my guests! Shakespeare has made the first meeting of Romeo and Juliet very dramatic accord ing its circumstances. Romeo is full aware that if he and his fellow friends are noticed they may be killed. However, Romeo still takes the risk, he does not seem too worried, this ultimately exposes his sense of immaturity.After all guests have left, Romeo decides to head back to see Juliet again. So he walked through the Capulet orchard and eventually finds Juliet up on a balcony. Romeo talks to himself about Juliet, and Juliet is unaware of his presence. When Romeo sees Juliet again he says: But soft, what light through yonder window breaks?, It is the east, and Juliet is the sun, Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon. Romeo then invokes the darkness or the night as a type of safeguard from harm: I have nights cloak to hide me from their eyes. This conflict between darkness and light or day and night will not end until the disarray of the day in due course overcomes the passionate nights and ultimately this finishes the lives of both lovers.This also demonstrates Romeos meta phoric use of imagery of the cosmos. In one of the quotes above, Romeo is saying that Juliet is the sun and she should kill the moon that is jealous because of Juliets beauty. Personification is also present in that quote, because in reality the moon will not be able to feel jealousy. Romeo has always compared Rosaline to the moon and now that he is in love with Juliet he believes his love for Juliet has outshone the love that he had for Rosaline. This could have referred to Greek mythology because Romeo later says: Be not her maid, since she is envious: Her vestal livery and none but fools wear it; cast if off. Romeo is suggesting that Juliet should no longer worship the Greek god and lose her virginity to him. This reveals his inner thoughts and showing his impulsiveness.Romeo also states that Juliet is his love: It is my lady, O, it is my love! an example of a hyperbole that is used by Romeo is when he says: Two of the fairest stars in all the heavens having some business, do ent reat her eyes to twinkle in their spheres till they return. Romeo is describing Juliets eyes as being so bright that they are like start n the night sky. Romeo also says that he wishes that he were a glove on Juliets hand so he can feel her cheek: O, that! Were a glove upon that hand, that o might touch that cheek! so far the audience has witnessed Romeos inner thoughts. Romeo also exposes his sexual desire to make love to Juliet. Romeo begins to present evidence of growing maturity in this scene of the balcony. His speeches that he is saying to himself are now in blank verse relatively different from the rhythmic iambic pentameter apparent in his earlier sonnets and couplets. Romeo is no longer the miserable that was shown in several accounts in Act 1. Up to this point; Romeo has articulated his feelings in a traditional and idiomatic style.Juliet discovers that Romeo is a Montague and if Juliet falls in love with him, this case will certainly coincide with the disapproval from bot h their parents and families. However, Juliet is not troubled by this. Juliet is talking to herself in the balcony unaware of Romeo listening to her: O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny they father and refuse thy name; or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, and Ill no longer be a Capulet. Juliet is saying that she is prepared to throw away her family name just to be with Romeo. Hearing this, Romeo is fully assured that Juliet has feelings for him, he hesitates to make the decision of carrying on listening to her or to talk to her: Shall, I hear more, or shall I speak at this? Juliet feels that it does not matter what Romeos name is, all that matters is that he is still the same person: Whats in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.Juliet soon discovers Romeo has heard what she was saying: What man art thou that thus bescreend in night so stumblest on my counsel. Juliet is shocked when confronted by Romeo. Romeo says that his name i s like an enemy to him: My name, dear saint, is hateful to myself, because is an enemy to thee. Notice that Romeo is referring back to their first meeting: dear saint. Romeo is so desperate to win Juliets heart that he is willing to fulfil Juliets satisfaction and throw away his name. Juliet tells Romeo that if he were to be caught climbing over the Capulet walls he would be killed, Romeo immaturely replies: For string limits cannot hold love out Therefore the kinsmen are not let to me.Romeo behaves in a sweet manor towards Juliet: Alack, there lies more peril in thine eye than twenty of their swords. Romeo is telling Juliet that is she was to look at him harshly that would be more painful than someone coming to him with a sword. Romeo thinks Juliet as being his possession: I would adventure for some merchandise, Romeo sees love as an adventure. Juliet is obviously impressed by the romantic language used by Romeo: Thou knowst the mask of night is on my face, else would a maiden blus h bepaint my cheeks. Juliet discloses to Romeo that is it was not dark he would be able to see Juliets face. Juliet asks Romeo if he loves her: Dost thou love me? instead of hearing a response from Romeo,Juliet predicts his response: I know thou wilt say Ay and I will take thy word: yet if thou swearst thou mayst prove false, Juliet tells Romeo that she knows he will reply yes to her question, however, she did not let him give his reply because she is nervous that he will say no. Juliet also informs Romeo that she is not easily won: If thou dost love, pronounce it faithfully or if thou thinkst I am too quickly won.Romeo is left in a slight dilemma: O, wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied? Romeo asks Juliet if she is going to leave him unsatisfied. Juliet got an impression that he wants to do something physical with her: What satisfaction canst thou have tonight? Juliet tells Romeo that in no circumstances will there be any physical activities going on between them. Without any delay Ro meo makes a proposal to her: The exchange of thy loves faithful vow for mine. Juliet happily informs that she has already given her consent before his proposal: I gave thee mine before thou didst request it. On the night of Juliets engagement to Paris, she has given her consent to the proposal for marriage from Romeo. In the matter of only the first day of Romeo and Juliets meeting, they have already exchanged vows. This shows how quickly their relationship has progressed.Romeos attitude to love is that he feels it is an adventure. Romeo, without any hesitation has taken the burden of marriage at an inexperienced age and with an inexperienced 13 year old. He seems to not understand the fundamental aspects of love, he makes situations more chaotic. He has fallen into love with someone on the day they met and on that very same he asks her to get married. Whereas, on the other hand we have Juliet, who sees love as something that develops and progresses over time: This bud of love, by s ummers ripening breath, may prove a beauteous flower when next we meet. She is saying that she sees love as a flower that will blossom beautifully over time. Ironically, flowers die in the end and the dramatic irony in this is that they both die in the end. Juliet also uses an epithet when she says: sweet Montague.The dynamic of Romeo and Juliets relationship has changed too, Juliet feels more confident. Juliet is obviously overwhelmed because Romeo has displayed his sincerity by declaring a marriage proposal and exchange vows. The evidence that proves that Juliet has more confidence and she has taken over control in the following quote: Thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrow, by on that Ill proceed to come to thee, where and what time thou wilt perform the rite. This is an open display of how the dynamic of their relationship of their relationship has changed. Juliet organises the marriage, she also proposes that they should get married tomorrow. Juliet asks Romeo what time th ey will get married tomorrow, he replies: At the hour of nine. She responds to this by saying: I will not fail: tis twenty years till then. She uses extreme exaggeration; this is an example a hyperbole.Juliets character has evolved from what she was in the opening scenes. She is more confident in making her own decisions and is no longer obedient toward her parents. Romeo has left his old self where he was melodramatic, but he would have been over exaggerating if Juliet too did not did not approve of his emotions. However, Romeo has revealed his impulsive nature when he asked Juliet for hand in marriage on the night of their meeting.Over Acts 1 and 2 the audience have witnessed vast changes in Romeo and Juliets character. We have seen how Juliet and Romeos character has evolved and we can conclude that the couple make a dangerous combination. The reasons for this is that Romeo will proceed into great lengths to satisfy hi inner desire and Juliet is in illusion by Romeos choice of la nguage and romantic nature. Eventually the couple will lead to their own destruction because of their tragic deaths in the final scene. Because of the fact that they are young and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve, they do not have the sufficient knowledge and experience and this also results in their death. Shakespeare has devised this play script in a unique way; his message is to show how young love without any experience may conclude in a tragedy. He has displayed how the individual characteristics of two lovers and their attitude to love can demolish their lives.

The eNotes Blog Scholarship Spotlight November2015

Scholarship Spotlight November2015 Every month, we  select some of the best scholarships around and post them here on our blog. When you are ready to apply,  check out our tips on  How to Write a Scholarship Essay. Visit   Essay Lab if youre looking for a writing expert  to review and provide feedback your scholarship or college application essays! Young Writers Award Amount: 1st place $500, 2nd place $250 Eligibility:  Students in the 10th, 11th, and 12th grades during the current academic year may enter in one of the following categories: poetry (a group of three poems), fiction (a short story or one-act play), or nonfiction (a personal or academic essay). All entries must be original work and sponsored by a high school teacher. Requirements:  You may  submit online  or by mail (mailed entries must be accompanied by a submission form, available from your English teacher or by  downloading here. They welcome entries from international students- in order to submit online, please enter N/A in place of the CEEB code for your high school. Due Date: November 1, 2015 To read more information directly,  click here! Create Real Impact Contest Amount: Up to $1,000 Eligibility:  Ã‚  Contest is open to legal residents of the 50 United States and the District of Columbia between the ages of 14 and 22 years of age. Requirements:  Student must submit an original work (video, music, creative writing, or artwork) showcasing their idea for a solution to the very real problem of reckless and distracted driving. Due Date: November 5, 2015 To read more information directly,  click here! I AmScholarship Slam Amount: $1,000 Eligibility:  Scholarship is open to students 25 years of age or younger who are current or former high school students and will attend or is attending college within the United States or its territories. Requirements:  Applicant must submit a poem on â€Å"what makes you†¦ you?† Due Date: November 6, 2015 To read more information directly,  click here! Adopt a Veteran Scholarship Amount: Up to $5,000 Eligibility:  Scholarship is open to U.S. citizens of all national backgrounds who are currently studying in the United States or in an American military school out of the country. Applicant must be in 11th or 12th grade. Requirements:  Applicant must find a military veteran they do not know, get to know them and then write an essay about the experience. Due Date: November 15, 2015 To read more information directly,  click here!

Current and potential power of the Chinese currency in a global Essay

Current and potential power of the Chinese currency in a global financial economy - Essay Example The present international economic hold back is having substantial unconstructive effects on China’s export industries, and sectors that rely on international direct investment flows. The degree of China’s contact with the ongoing international financial crisis especially from the struggle of the American sub-prime mortgage issue is not clear. However, china places various limitations on capital flows especially outflows, in part in order, to uphold its administered float monetary policy. These limitations restrict the capacity of Chinese residents and many companies to invest outside the country, forcing them to invest locally even though, some Chinese try to move funds outside the country illegitimately. Therefore, the disclosure of Chinese private sector companies and private investors to sub-prime American mortgages is expected to be small. For 25 years, globalization formed unprecedented degrees of both economic risk and economic growth. Monetary markets became fre e, which allowed governments and firms to invest more openly. Even so, as international trade grew larger, it also grew more complicated. Speedier-flowing capital became more unstable and economic danger became more difficult to track. Local regulators struggled to survive with changing financial practices, most of which they did not entirely understand. To make matters more complex, the state governments refuted the idea of ceding regulatory administration to an international system, restricting the degree of international misunderstanding over international markets (Peterson & Derby 2). International integration was based on a melange of normally ad hoc plans with coercive power and limited scope. One impact was an outburst of systematic banking crisis, with more than 120 occurring between 1970 and 2007. In 2008, policy makers who were discouraged by harsh impact of this crisis started expressing apprehension in regard to lack of effectual regulation of the international financial structure, which former American treasury secretary said had brought about over one chief crisis once every 3 years (Peterson & Derby 2). Furthermore, Chinese government firms like the State Administration of foreign trade, Chinese Investment Company, state-owned companies, state banks, might have been more disclosed to distressed American mortgage securities. Chinese companies account for the share of lion’s of China capital outflow, most of which comes from China’s big and developing foreign trade reserves. If china held distressed sub-prime mortgage supported securities, these institutions would possibly be incorporated in the company securities rank and some American equities which might have invested in real estates. Even so, these were a comparatively small section of China’s total American securities holdings (ORLIK 4). The government of china does not discharge comprehensive information on its holding of financial companies, even though some of its bank s have stated their level of disclosure to sub-prime American mortgages. Such companies have normally stated that their disclosure to distressed sub-prime American mortgages has been minor compared to their comprehensive investments, that they have cleared up such assets or have called off losses and that they carry on to earn high return margins. China has taken various steps to react to the international financial crisis. Other than the cut in interest rates and enhancing bank

Analogies Q1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analogies Q1 - Essay Example Inductive arguments operate in a similar approach when it comes to analogies. For example an analogy created between trains moving in the same direction can be assumed that they have a similar destination through inductive argument (Carlson & Heth, 2009). As much as this assumption is not proven, inductive argument may justify the argument by assuming if the trains were going to different destinations they would use different routes. According to Carlson & Heth (2009) the relationship between analogies and inductive arguments is based on probability and similar relationships. Another clear example of an analogy is the inheritance of genes in a family. An analogy may argue that a child may acquire diabetes if their father has diabetes. An inductive argument may further argue that a child born in a family that a father has diabetes must have acquired the disease. In an argument by Carlson & Heth (2009) an inductive argument only tires to justify an assumption created by an

Initiatives for Afghan Women Involvement with Politics

Initiatives for Afghan Women Involvement with Politics Key Initiatives Education:  Investing in girls’ education is the single most effective development decision a country can make. Beyond doubling the skilled workforce, this investment results in healthier young women, delayed marriages, and healthier children in the families that these educated young women create. Under the Taliban, fewer than 900,000 boys – and no girls – were enrolled in Afghanistan’s schools.Today, more than 6.2 million students are enrolled in Afghan schools, 35 percent of whom are girls. Although educational indicators remain poor in Afghanistan – and are worse for women who have only a 21 percent literacy rate – USG initiatives are removing barriers and opening doors. Since 2001, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) repaired or built more than 670 schools, printed 69 million textbooks, and improved the qualifications of 54,000 Afghan teachers in instructional methodologies, subject knowledge and professional attitudes. These programs have expanded and improved the quality of community-based education in areas where there are no government schools.USG assistance has extended to 18 provinces, 1,565 communities, more than 43,000 children (60 percent of whom are girls), and 1,565 teachers. In the last fiscal year, we provided literacy training and instruction in productive skills to more than 100,000 people from over 1,500 communities in 20 provinces. We are committed to working with the government of Afghanistan to further expand these programs, and to enhance the female literacy rate and women’s and girls’ access to formal and informal education at all levels. Security:  We continue to urge the Afghan government to protect women leaders, and to take seriously the everyday threats against women and girls by extremists who try to discourage school attendance by destroying schools or throwing acid on young schoolgirls. We support and admire the bravery and determination of Afghan families and the Afghan girls who insist their access to education in the face of such threats. Our programs provide greater protection to girls’ schools and health facilities, for example by building protective walls when requested. We are increasing women’s participation in the security sector through both recruitment and promotion of women as well as training on gender-related topics for men with the Afghan National Police and Afghan National Army.From 2003 to the present, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) programs have trained over 500 female police officers to play a stronger role regarding women’s issues within the police force; 166 of those officers are employed in Family Response Units (FRUs) devoted to domestic violence cases. Our assistance has improved the number and capacity of FRUs that respond to cases of violence against women; U.S. mentors have worked with over three dozen FRUs in 10 provinces. These FRUs addressed 897 cases during 2009. Our programs also conduct outreach to Afghan communities to teach them about the FRUs and to encourage women affected by violence to make use of their services. Political Process:  For women to have a voice in their nation’s political process, they need to be able to participate in all levels of government. They need to be represented in greater numbers in civil service positions, and they need to have an active role in the peace process. UN Security Council Resolution 1325 reaffirms the need to include women in deliberations on international peace and security at all stages, including conflict resolution and post-conflict planning and peace-building. Their voices need to be heard, not only because they have the right to participate in the decisions that affect their lives, but also because their experiences and perspectives improve the quality of the resulting policies. Women’s involvement in all Afghan conflict-resolution processes is a USG priority. Women’s caucuses are being strengthened in Parliament and their leadership developed in the civil service through professional exchange programs and technical assistance. We have increased the number of male and female Parliamentarians educated about the principles of equal rights that are enshrined in the Afghan Constitution. We need to encourage the expansion of existing national and international scholarships for women, as well as expanding the number of existing internship programs for women in Afghan Ministries, and are looking at funding options in this regard. In March, we are launching a program for emerging female leaders from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the U.S. where they will receive diplomatic training. In advance of Parliamentary elections this fall, we are making use of public outreach and education as well as financial support to Afghan-led civic education programs for men and women in order to encourage women’s greater electoral participation, both as candidates and as voters. We have supported training for female members of Parliament and women leaders elected at the grassroots level on how to be more effective and capable leaders. Rule of Law and Human Rights:  Some progress has been made in the area of women’s human rights, but much remains to be done. Violence against women and girls is endemic, including domestic abuse, rape, forced marriages, forced prostitution, kidnappings, and so-called â€Å"honor† killings. This violence cannot be explained away as cultural; it is criminal, and must be addressed as such. The overall USG justice strategy explicitly refers to the need to ensure that women’s rights are promoted and protected by Afghan justice systems. Central to that objective is the need to intertwine women’s rights within both the formal and traditional sectors – and to ensure that USG funding for traditional justice programs provides a platform for supporting, rather than diminishing, women’s rights. Afghan women and girls can still be sent to prison for â€Å"moral crimes,† including fleeing domestic violence or eloping. Many State Department Programs help civil society organizations and Afghan policy makers advocate for reform of such discriminatory laws, including the Gender Justice component of JSSP, the Increasing Women’s Rights and Access to Justice in Afghanistan program, and the Advancing Human Rights and Women’s Rights within an Islamic Framework program. Our programs also train and educate male and female police officers, prosecutors, defense attorneys, corrections officers and others in civil society in the fair interpretation and application of the sections of the penal code that affect women.From January to mid-August 2009, 109 women and 905 men participated in INL-funded Justice Sector Support Program (JSSP) trainings and professional development opportunities.Some training topics focused on violence against women issues, including gender justice training for lawyers, victim advocacy training (with UNIFEM), gender justice training for corrections officers, and gender justice training for Family Response Unit police officers. When women are imprisoned, INL programs help examine why women are incarcerated and whether it is safe for them to return after their release, as well as advocate for humane treatment and the provision of education during and after incarceration. With regard to women’s involvement in local shuras, we work to link the state and traditional systems of governance to encourage them to isolate and reject traditional practices that harm women while harnessing and strengthening elements that reinforce women’s equality and access to justice. Our INL programs also provide counseling and shelter services to women affected by domestic violence. To build on these services, we are mobilizing attorneys, government officials, and the public to combat violence against women and trafficking in persons.We are encouraging the re-establishment of the Afghan women judges association, and we support the development of an Afghan women lawyer’s network. We exert moral suasion to promote human rights in Afghanistan by building awareness of the provisions and obligations of the international treaties and agreements to which Afghanistan is a signatory. The United States continues to support the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC). In addition, we support the courageous progressive voices within Afghanistan, including the movements that successfully engaged with the Afghan government in 2009 to excise and redraft the most restrictive and objectionable sections of the Shia Personal Status Law , although some concerns remain.We continue to support the swift implementation and strict enforcement of the Elimination of Violence Against Women law. We engage women on how they can use their roles and influence within the family and community to combat the spread of violent extremist ideologies and to cultivate support for women’s development. We put our extensive PRT presence to use in extending public outreach on women’s issues beyond the cities. With increased civilian expertise at PRTs we are more actively able to identify key women leaders, determine the needs of women in local communities, and identify and provide appropriate assistance. In many areas, these experts are able to ensure that women’s shuras are consulted on development projects and have a say in local development matters. Health:  Progress on women’s health has been substantial since 2002, but challenges clearly remain. Even after significant improvement, Afghanistan is still estimated to have the second-highest maternal mortality rate in the world. Other health indicators for women, particularly in reproductive health, are similarly low. Drug addiction is also a problem among Afghan women and their children. INL funds the only three residential drug treatment centers for women, with adjacent child care and treatment facilities, in Kabul, Herat, and Balkh. Three new centers will open in Farah, Badakhshan, and Nangarhar provinces during 2010. With USG assistance, women’s access to health care has risen dramatically since 2001. The number of midwives available to assist with deliveries has quadrupled; the number of health facilities with women health workers has more than doubled. According to a study by Johns Hopkins University, antenatal care went visits went up sevenfold from 2003 to 2006. With more women receiving proper care from trained health workers during pregnancy and delivery, Afghans are seeing better outcomes for women and newborns. We will continue to expand these existing programs to further increase women’s access to health services, to essential medicines, family planning, and pre- and postnatal care so that women have access to the services and information they require for good health. During Ambassador Verveer’s trip to Afghanistan this past June, she and Ambassador Eikenberry announced the start of a small grants program to support gender equality in Afghanistan. The three-year USD 26.3 million program has recently made its first grants to women-led NGOs in the diverse areas of training in mechanized lace embroidery for sale, computer and English skills, radio programming for women, and the provision of dairy cows for women’s agricultural initiatives. In all these ways, through the small grants programs and through other economic initiatives, Afghan women are improving their own lives and those of their families